Supervisory Team:
Lead Supervisor: Sandhya Patidar (Heriot-Watt University)
Stakeholder Supervisor: Rob Collins (The Rivers Trust)
Co-Supervisor 1: Cedric Laize (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
Co-Supervisor 2: Michael Hutchins (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
Project Description: This PhD project investigates the synergistic effects of multiple environmental stressors on estuarine hydro-ecological resilience—the capacity of estuaries to withstand and recover from disturbances while sustaining critical ecosystem functions and services. Estuaries provide essential resources for human well-being, yet they are increasingly vulnerable to interacting pressures from climate change, water-quality degradation, over-abstraction, and habitat alteration driven by anthropogenic activities. These stressors rarely act in isolation; their combined effects can amplify ecological degradation in non-linear and poorly understood ways.
The project aims to address this key research gap by developing physics-informed, data-driven models capable of predicting how multiple stressors interact to influence estuarine conditions. Using a combination of multivariate statistical and machine-learning approaches—including covariance and correlation analyses, principal component analysis, and surrogate model development—the research will identify dominant stressor interactions that control water-quality and ecological responses. Historical and near-real-time datasets will be integrated to capture both long-term shifts and short-term dynamics in estuarine systems.
Validated models will then be applied to scenario analyses to evaluate potential management and mitigation strategies, such as assessing water-quality deterioration under drought conditions or the compounded effects of abstraction and pollution. The outcomes will provide a framework for more adaptive and resilient estuarine management under climate and anthropogenic pressures.
The PhD student will be based at Heriot-Watt University (HWU) within an interdisciplinary research environment that bridges hydrology, ecology, and data science. They will receive advanced training in computational modelling, statistical analysis, and environmental systems thinking, with opportunities for collaboration and short research placements with partner organisations. This experience will equip the student with both technical and professional skills essential for a career in environmental modelling, sustainable water management, and policy-relevant research.
What do you need to know:
This PhD project explores how multiple stressors—such as climate change, pollution, and habitat loss—interact to affect estuarine hydro-ecological resilience. While individual stressor effects are known, their combined and often non-linear impacts remain poorly understood. The student will develop and apply integrated data-driven and modelling approaches to predict these synergistic effects and support adaptive management. The supervisory team offers complementary expertise: Dr Sandhya Patidar (data science and statistical modelling, HWU), Dr Cédric Laizé and Dr Michael Hutchins (hydro-ecological and water-quality modelling, UKCEH), with external collaboration from Dr Rob Collins (The Rivers Trust) and stakeholders at SEPA and RSPB.
What expertise and skills will the student develop?
The student will develop strong interdisciplinary expertise combining data science (statistical, time-series, and machine learning methods) with hydro-ecology and water quality modelling to assess climate and multi-stressor impacts. They will gain advanced programming skills in R and Python for processing diverse hydro-ecological, water quality, and climate datasets, and learn to integrate data-driven and physics-based models. The project will strengthen critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication abilities, while providing experience in stakeholder engagement and interdisciplinary collaboration. The student will also build professional skills through conference presentations, publications, seminars, and outreach activities that enhance their academic and research profile.
Why is the project novel?
This project is novel in its integrated, multi-stressor approach to understanding estuarine resilience. Unlike prior studies focusing on single factors, it combines data-driven analytics and physics-based modelling to examine the synergistic effects of interacting stressors using diverse environmental datasets. The project will develop innovative diagnostic tools to capture long-term trends, short-term fluctuations, and scenario-based impacts under varying conditions. By engaging with partners and stakeholders, it will co-design risk mitigation and management strategies, enhancing the practical relevance of outcomes. This holistic framework will generate new scientific and policy insights to support sustainable estuarine conservation and climate resilience.
What real-life challenge does it address?
Estuaries face escalating pressures from pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change, with multiple stressors often interacting in complex, unpredictable ways. This uncertainty hampers the development of effective risk mitigation and restoration strategies. The project addresses this real-world challenge by advancing data-driven modelling to understand how estuarine systems respond to cumulative stressors and to predict future impacts. These predictive tools will support evidence-based decision-making for estuarine protection, resilience, and sustainable management. A key challenge lies in bridging science and practice—ensuring that research outcomes are aligned with the needs of policymakers, environmental managers, and coastal communities who depend on these vital ecosystems.
